Understanding the end-use applications of critical minerals is essential to forecasting long-term demand. Critical minerals are foundational across a spectrum of evolving technologies.
The EV battery adoption created the onset demand for critical minerals. EV momentum has moderated but this is not an indication that battery power is abating.
Grid-scale energy storage is non-negotiable for integrating intermittent renewable, reinforcing the role of graphite and REEs in energy infrastructure
IEA data shows strongest demand growth from “other uses,” including defense, consumer electronics and next-gen technologies
Critical minerals are not a one-theme story, they are structural enablers across diverse high-impact sectors, some with national security implications
Graphite demand expected to peak over the next 20 years
REE demand set to rise sharply over coming decades
The U.S. and EU are the top destinations for global graphite exports
Graphite and REEs face elevated supply risk driven by geopolitical exposure